A federal court dealt a blow to the business arm of a northern Arizona tribe that owns the Grand Canyon Skywalk by upholding a $28.5 million judgment in favor of a Las Vegas developer who invested the money to build the horseshoe-shaped glass bridge on tribal land.
The ruling by U.S. District Judge David Campbell rejected arguments by the Hualapai Tribe that the award isn’t enforceable, calling one of the arguments “nonsensical” and another “odd.” The American Arbitration Association had determined David Jin is owed the money, mostly for management fees that he was to receive under a 2003 contract with the tribe.
Mark Tratos, an attorney for Jin, said Monday the ruling shows U.S. citizens have recourse in contract disputes with American Indian tribes.
“Their idea is, ‘We can do what we want to anyone we want, anytime we want because we’re a sovereign,”’ Tratos said.
The judgment applies to the Hualapai Tribe’s business arm, Sa’ Nyu Wa Inc., which had argued the arbitration association lacked jurisdiction and declined to participate in the final arbitration hearing. The tribe said proceeding with arbitration was unnecessary because it had already enforced eminent domain over the contract, taking sole control of the Skywalk.
Campbell said Sa’ Nyu Wa could not take away the right of Jin’s company to arbitrate its claims, and that the corporation failed to identify what public good would be served by doing so.
A spokesman for the tribe, Dave Cieslak, said Sa’ Nyu Wa is reviewing its options.
The Skywalk has been a popular tourist attraction for the Hualapai Tribe, giving some 300,000 visitors a year a view of the Colorado River 4,000 feet below. Jin invested $30 million to build the bridge that lies just west of Grand Canyon National Park, but he and the tribe have disagreed on management fees and an incomplete visitors’ center.
The arbitrator found Sa’ Nyu Wa and the tribe failed to keep adequate financial records or make those records available for Jin’s company to audit. The arbitrator also found the corporation and tribe failed to pay management fees and the Skywalk operation’s business expenses, which constituted a breach of contract.
The tribe has said it took over the contract last year because Jin never completed a visitors’ center that people must pass through to access the Skywalk and did not finance the utilities. Cieslak said the tribe would pay Jin the fair market value for the Skywalk to “protect the rights of the tribe and end this painful dispute.”
Sa’ Nyu Wa had asked Campbell to reject the arbitration award by arguing that the tribe’s 2003 agreement with Jin didn’t allow for financial damages. The corporation also argued tribal members never voted to waive liabilities in excess of $250,000, and said the arbitrator exceeded his powers because only a federal court could order arbitration.
Campbell said the agreement makes no mention of a $250,000 limit and allows arbitration for any controversy, claim or dispute when either party sends such a notice to the other. Campbell found that Sa’ Nyu Wa clearly waived it sovereign immunity with respect to financial damages awarded in arbitration that could be enforced in federal court.
“No other reading of the agreement is plausible,” the judge said.
Tratos said it’s doubtful Jin will receive the $28.5 million in a lump sum but suggested the award could be fulfilled by having the proceeds of ticket sales at the Skywalk directed to Jin by a court order.
Jin also is challenging the jurisdiction of the Hualapai court in a related case that went before a three-judge panel of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals last year. The Hualapai court in Peach Springs is overseeing the eminent domain case.
The ruling by U.S. District Judge David Campbell rejected arguments by the Hualapai Tribe that the award isn’t enforceable, calling one of the arguments “nonsensical” and another “odd.” The American Arbitration Association had determined David Jin is owed the money, mostly for management fees that he was to receive under a 2003 contract with the tribe.
Mark Tratos, an attorney for Jin, said Monday the ruling shows U.S. citizens have recourse in contract disputes with American Indian tribes.
“Their idea is, ‘We can do what we want to anyone we want, anytime we want because we’re a sovereign,”’ Tratos said.
The judgment applies to the Hualapai Tribe’s business arm, Sa’ Nyu Wa Inc., which had argued the arbitration association lacked jurisdiction and declined to participate in the final arbitration hearing. The tribe said proceeding with arbitration was unnecessary because it had already enforced eminent domain over the contract, taking sole control of the Skywalk.
Campbell said Sa’ Nyu Wa could not take away the right of Jin’s company to arbitrate its claims, and that the corporation failed to identify what public good would be served by doing so.
A spokesman for the tribe, Dave Cieslak, said Sa’ Nyu Wa is reviewing its options.
The Skywalk has been a popular tourist attraction for the Hualapai Tribe, giving some 300,000 visitors a year a view of the Colorado River 4,000 feet below. Jin invested $30 million to build the bridge that lies just west of Grand Canyon National Park, but he and the tribe have disagreed on management fees and an incomplete visitors’ center.
The arbitrator found Sa’ Nyu Wa and the tribe failed to keep adequate financial records or make those records available for Jin’s company to audit. The arbitrator also found the corporation and tribe failed to pay management fees and the Skywalk operation’s business expenses, which constituted a breach of contract.
The tribe has said it took over the contract last year because Jin never completed a visitors’ center that people must pass through to access the Skywalk and did not finance the utilities. Cieslak said the tribe would pay Jin the fair market value for the Skywalk to “protect the rights of the tribe and end this painful dispute.”
Sa’ Nyu Wa had asked Campbell to reject the arbitration award by arguing that the tribe’s 2003 agreement with Jin didn’t allow for financial damages. The corporation also argued tribal members never voted to waive liabilities in excess of $250,000, and said the arbitrator exceeded his powers because only a federal court could order arbitration.
Campbell said the agreement makes no mention of a $250,000 limit and allows arbitration for any controversy, claim or dispute when either party sends such a notice to the other. Campbell found that Sa’ Nyu Wa clearly waived it sovereign immunity with respect to financial damages awarded in arbitration that could be enforced in federal court.
“No other reading of the agreement is plausible,” the judge said.
Tratos said it’s doubtful Jin will receive the $28.5 million in a lump sum but suggested the award could be fulfilled by having the proceeds of ticket sales at the Skywalk directed to Jin by a court order.
Jin also is challenging the jurisdiction of the Hualapai court in a related case that went before a three-judge panel of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals last year. The Hualapai court in Peach Springs is overseeing the eminent domain case.
